Europe's golden visa programs offer the right to live in Europe in return for an investment, and often a route to EU citizenship. In this guide we compare the active European residence programs as of 2026 by investment amount, timeline and benefits.
Active European Golden Visa Programs
| Country | Min. investment | Highlight |
|---|---|---|
| Portugal | Fund investment | Path to citizenship in 5 years |
| Greece | EUR 250,000 real estate | No stay requirement |
| Malta | MPRP residence | Residence in Schengen |
| Hungary | EUR 250,000 fund | Guest Investor (GIP) |
| Latvia | EUR 50,000 business investment | Lowest EU cost |
| Italy | Investor visa | Fund and bond options |
The Spain Golden Visa Has Closed
The Spain golden visa program ended on 3 April 2025. As alternatives, the digital nomad and passive-income visas can be considered. For details on changing programs, see our programs closing and opening in 2026 article.
Europe or the Caribbean?
European programs offer residence in Schengen and a route to EU citizenship, but usually take longer. If a fast second passport is your priority, consider the Caribbean citizenship programs.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which European program is cheapest?
Latvia, at EUR 50,000 in business investment, is one of the lowest-cost EU residence options. Greek real estate starts at EUR 250,000.
Does European residence provide EU citizenship?
Not directly; however, most programs open a path to citizenship over the years (usually with 5-10 years of residence). In Portugal this period is five years.
Is the Spain golden visa still open?
No, it closed on 3 April 2025. Passive-income and digital nomad visas offer alternatives.
To choose the European program that best fits you, take the eligibility test or contact us.
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